Penning Trap Simulation
Simulate particle behavior inside a Penning Trap
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PenningTrap.cpp
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1
16#include "PenningTrap.hpp"
17#include "constants.hpp"
18#include "utils.hpp"
19
20PenningTrap::PenningTrap(double B_0, double V_0, double d)
21{
22 this->B_0 = B_0;
23 this->V_0 = V_0;
24 this->d = d;
25}
26
28{
29 this->particles.push_back(particle);
30}
31
32arma::vec PenningTrap::external_E_field(arma::vec r)
33{
34 arma::vec::fixed<3> res;
35 double f = this->V_0 / (this->d * this->d);
36 res(0) = r(0);
37 res(1) = r(1);
38 res(2) = -2. * r(2);
39
40 return f * res;
41}
42
43arma::vec PenningTrap::external_B_field(arma::vec r)
44{
45 arma::vec::fixed<3> res{0., 0., this->B_0};
46
47 return res;
48}
49
50arma::vec PenningTrap::force_on_particle(int i, int j)
51{
52 // Calculate the difference between the particles' position
53 arma::vec::fixed<3> res =
54 this->particles.at(i).r_vec - this->particles.at(j).r_vec;
55
56 // Get the distance between the particles
57 double norm = arma::norm(res);
58
59 // Multiply res with p_j's charge divided by the norm cubed
60 res *= this->particles.at(j).q / (norm * norm * norm);
61
62 return res;
63}
64
66{
67 Particle p = this->particles.at(i);
68
69 arma::vec::fixed<3> B = this->external_B_field(p.r_vec);
70
71 arma::vec::fixed<3> v_cross_B{p.v_vec(1) * B(2) - p.v_vec(2) * B(1),
72 p.v_vec(2) * B(0) - p.v_vec(0) * B(2),
73 p.v_vec(0) * B(1) - p.v_vec(1) * B(0)};
74
75 arma::vec force = p.q * (this->external_E_field(p.r_vec) + v_cross_B);
76
77 return force;
78}
79
81{
82 Particle p = this->particles.at(i);
83
84 arma::vec res(3);
85
86 for (int j = 0; j < this->particles.size(); j++) {
87 if (i == j) {
88 continue;
89 }
90
91 res += this->force_on_particle(i, j);
92 }
93
94 res *= K_E * (p.q / p.m);
95
96 return res;
97}
98
100{
101 return this->total_force_external(i) - this->total_force_particles(i);
102}
103
105{
106 std::vector<Particle> tmp_particles = this->particles;
107
108 arma::vec::fixed<3> *k_v = new arma::vec::fixed<3>[this->particles.size()*4];
109 arma::vec::fixed<3> *k_r = new arma::vec::fixed<3>[this->particles.size()*4];
110
111 int size = this->particles.size();
112
113 for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
114 k_v[i] = this->total_force(i)/this->particles.at(i).m;
115 k_r[i] = this->particles.at(i).v_vec;
116 }
117
118 for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
119 Particle *p = &this->particles.at(i);
120
121 p->v_vec = tmp_particles.at(i).v_vec + (dt/2)*k_v[i];
122 p->r_vec = tmp_particles.at(i).r_vec + (dt/2)*k_r[i];
123 }
124
125
126 for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
127 k_v[1*size + i] = this->total_force(i)/this->particles.at(i).m;
128 k_r[1*size + i] = this->particles.at(i).v_vec;
129 }
130
131 for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
132 Particle *p = &this->particles.at(i);
133
134 p->v_vec = tmp_particles.at(i).v_vec + (dt/2)*k_v[1*size + i];
135 p->r_vec = tmp_particles.at(i).r_vec + (dt/2)*k_r[1*size + i];
136 }
137
138 for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
139 k_v[2*size + i] = this->total_force(i)/this->particles.at(i).m;
140 k_r[2*size + i] = this->particles.at(i).v_vec;
141 }
142
143 for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
144 Particle *p = &this->particles.at(i);
145
146 p->v_vec = tmp_particles.at(i).v_vec + dt*k_v[2*size + i];
147 p->r_vec = tmp_particles.at(i).r_vec + dt*k_r[2*size + i];
148 }
149
150
151 for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
152 k_v[3*size + i] = this->total_force(i)/this->particles.at(i).m;
153 k_r[3*size + i] = this->particles.at(i).v_vec;
154 }
155
156 for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
157 Particle *p = &this->particles.at(i);
158
159 p->v_vec = tmp_particles.at(i).v_vec + dt*(k_v[i] + k_v[size + i] + k_v[2*size + i] + k_v[3*size + i])/6;
160 p->r_vec = tmp_particles.at(i).r_vec + dt*(k_r[i] + k_r[size + i] + k_r[2*size + i] + k_r[3*size + i])/6;
161 }
162
163 delete [] k_v;
164 delete [] k_r;
165}
166
168{
169 std::vector<Particle> new_state = this->particles;
170
171 Particle *p;
172
173#pragma omp parallel for private(p)
174 for (int i = 0; i < this->particles.size(); i++) {
175 p = &new_state.at(i);
176 p->v_vec += dt * this->total_force(i) / new_state.at(i).m;
177 p->r_vec += dt * this->particles.at(i).v_vec;
178 }
179
180 this->particles = new_state;
181}
182
183arma::vec PenningTrap::get_particle(int i)
184{
185 return this->particles.at(i).r_vec;
186}
187
188double PenningTrap::get_d()
189{
190 return this->d;
191}
A class for simulating a Penning trap.
A class that holds attributes of a particle.
Definition: Particle.hpp:19
arma::vec::fixed< 3 > v_vec
velocity
Definition: Particle.hpp:24
double q
Charge.
Definition: Particle.hpp:21
arma::vec::fixed< 3 > r_vec
position
Definition: Particle.hpp:23
double m
Mass.
Definition: Particle.hpp:22
std::vector< Particle > particles
The particles in the Penning trap.
Definition: PenningTrap.hpp:34
arma::vec total_force_external(int i)
Calculate the total external force on a particle.
Definition: PenningTrap.cpp:65
double B_0
Magnetic field strength.
Definition: PenningTrap.hpp:31
arma::vec total_force_particles(int i)
Calculate the total force on a particle from other particles.
Definition: PenningTrap.cpp:80
arma::vec external_B_field(arma::vec r)
Calculate B at point r.
Definition: PenningTrap.cpp:43
arma::vec force_on_particle(int i, int j)
Calculate the force between 2 particles.
Definition: PenningTrap.cpp:50
void evolve_forward_euler(double dt)
Go forward one timestep using the forward Euler method.
double d
Characteristic dimension.
Definition: PenningTrap.hpp:33
void add_particle(Particle particle)
Add a particle to the system.
Definition: PenningTrap.cpp:27
double V_0
Applied potential.
Definition: PenningTrap.hpp:32
PenningTrap(double B_0=T, double V_0=25.*V/1000., double d=500.)
Set B_0, V_0 and d.
Definition: PenningTrap.cpp:20
arma::vec total_force(int i)
calculate the total force on a particle.
Definition: PenningTrap.cpp:99
arma::vec external_E_field(arma::vec r)
Calculate E at point r.
Definition: PenningTrap.cpp:32
void evolve_RK4(double dt)
Go forward one timestep using the RK4 method.
Library of constants.
#define K_E
Coulomb constant. unit: .
Definition: constants.hpp:15
Function prototypes and macros that are useful.